Numbers

How to write numbers

When writing a number in a sentence, use:

• words for one to nine
• numerals for 10 and above

When to use numerals

There are cases where it will be clearer to use numerals rather than words.

Use numerals for the following, even if the number is lower than 10:

• money
• measurements
• times
• a list of steps or stages
• weeks, semesters or years (for example, ‘Week 1’)
• page numbers

Money

Measurements

Times

Fractions

Write fractions in words.

If writing a number with a fraction, write the number in words as well. 

Ordinal numbers

Use words for ‘first’ to ‘ninth’, then use 10th, 11th and so on.

Do not use superscript (small characters that are above the line of type) for ‘st’, ‘nd’, ‘rd’ and ‘th’.  

For centuries, see Dates and days.

Dates and days

Do not mix numerals and words in a sentence

When writing more than one number (where one is higher and one lower than ten), do not mix numerals and words. Use one format consistently.

Use a comma to separate thousands

Use a comma and no spaces to separate thousands.

Millions and billions

Use a numeral followed by the word ‘million’ or ‘billion’.

Use a decimal if required.

Avoid abbreviating the words ‘million’ or ‘billion’. If necessary, abbreviate to ‘mn’ or ‘bn’.

Percentages

Guidance on writing percentages is in the punctuation section of this guide.

Punctuation

Roman numerals

Avoid using Roman numerals unless they are part of a title or proper noun.

Ranges

Express number ranges using words such as ‘to’ or ‘and’.

Avoid using hyphens to express a range.

Avoid starting sentences with numbers

Where possible, phrase the sentence so the number is within the sentence.

If you need to use a number to start a sentence, write it in words.